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    October 20

    1812(2)

    《1812》序曲的創作背景。
    柴可夫斯基在1880年寫的《1812》序曲,全名為《用於莫斯科救主基督大教堂的落成典禮,為大樂隊而作的1812年莊嚴序曲》。夠長吧!如果你去唱片店買碟時可以一字不漏的背下去,那我真的佩服你了。

    這首曲是柴可夫斯基應他的老師尼古拉?魯賓斯坦之請而作,目的是慶祝莫斯科救主基督大教堂的重建––這座教堂曾在1812年法俄戰爭中被戰火焚毀(另一說是此曲為莫斯科藝術工業博覽會而寫)。

    《1812》序曲的內容。
    1812年,拿破崙率領60萬大軍入侵俄國,企圖在短時間內殲滅俄軍,佔領莫斯科,並迫使俄國投降。戰爭開始時,拿破崙軍隊在數量佔優勢的情況下,俄軍不得不逐步撤退,法國迫近莫斯科,俄軍司令庫圖佐夫採取堅壁清野,燒毀糧草的戰略,並撤退居民,率軍暫時撤離莫斯科。拿破崙在佔領莫斯科一個月後,仍無法迫使俄國投降,反而令自己孤軍陷入重圍,於是下令撤離莫斯科。撤退途中,拿破崙軍隊不能適應俄國嚴酷的冬天,加上飢餓和俄軍的反擊,終致潰敗。拿破崙入侵俄國時多達六十萬的的部隊大部分被殲滅,最後只剩下不足萬人逃出俄國國境。

    《1812年》序曲是根據上述史實寫成的一部管弦樂作品。柴可夫斯基在這首序曲中層次分明地敘述了1812年的這一事件,包括俄羅斯人民原來的和平生活和隨後發生的不安和騷亂,俄法兩軍的會戰,以及最後俄國擊潰法軍,俄羅斯人民慶祝勝利的狂歡情景等。

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